Tuesday, July 25, 2023

Kulthi (Horsegram)- a neglected pulse crop of Paschimanchal,West Bengal









Sky rocketing prices of pulses have recently stirred the policy makers.  It has been decided to import tonnes & tonnes of pulses from Mozambique, Malayasia and other countries.  Although India  has  highest Pulse-acreage as well as production, yet represents the world’s most  pulse-deficient country .  India would be in need of around 2 million tonnes from other countries .  Its import would be about one fourth of global export business.  
Government   both in centre and the state has emphasized pulse production & promotion and  launched a series of initiatives.  Lentil. Moong,chickpea, etc. have  been given priority.  MSPs of these have been scaled up.  However, the scenario of West Bengal is not so  bright  as pulses compete with many crops. Under this situation we have to focus areas where opportunity cost is minimum . Again, we have to select right types of pulses in rain fed areas. Moreover, we have to relook the regional /local pulse cultivars which can withstand the agro-ecological conditions.
In the most disadvantaged areas Kulthi (horsegram) is well suited. Kulthi has been a proven crop in  hilly, sloppy, undulating and un-irrigated areas of western part of West Bengal. However, over the years it lost its charisma. During nineties Kulthi occupied about 8-9 thousand hectares.  The figure has come down to 2 thousand hec  in the state.  There has been a drastic diminution of Kulthi acrage.  Simultaneously , total production reduced to 1 thousand tonnes  in 2013-14 from 4.2 thousand tonnes during 1990-91. Its spread has been limited to the tar (very high land) of Baghmundi, Arsa and Ajodhya Hills. A lesson of hope, prospects and potential  is aired  from stress condition.





Kulthi- is practised with minimum inputs.  A single plow is given during the off-set of rainy and sowing seed is the traditional way of farming.  The month of sowing coincides with the Bengali month of Bhadra. It is heard in the hilly areas ‘ Bhadare Kulthi chas”.  The period is a lean period. Kulthi is grown at this time for food, fodder & feed. Its luxuriant growth  and uses  placed it  to an esteem social order. This is the most favoured pulse of tribal. Karam-festival  tribal is void without Kulthi. Apart, it is extensively used in  many rituals.
About one md of pulse is harvested from a bigha of tar land. Its productivity could be increased if high yielding varieties are introduced.  Madhu, Birsa Kulthi-1 & BR10 are HYVs.
Kulthi is a leguminous crop. It has soil enriching capacity. It can act as a cover crop. Its residues could be used as fodder or fuel.  Tribal would easily accept it if promoted with some logistic support as given to other pulses. 

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